{"id":5853,"date":"2020-11-18T11:10:44","date_gmt":"2020-11-18T11:10:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/veteraani.ylirotu.fi\/?page_id=5853"},"modified":"2021-01-19T10:34:33","modified_gmt":"2021-01-19T10:34:33","slug":"surrogat","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/veteraanienperinto.fi\/index.php\/sv\/fortsattningskriget\/hemmafronten-i-fortsattningkrigets\/surrogat\/","title":{"rendered":"Surrogat"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='full_slider_1'  class='avia-fullwidth-slider main_color avia-shadow   avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_heading  avia-builder-el-first   container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div  class='avia-slideshow av-vcfri-f8b18761f5bc7126866d60a72f814c3a avia-slideshow-featured av_slideshow_full avia-slide-slider av-slideshow-ui av-control-default av-slideshow-manual av-loop-once av-loop-manual-endless av-default-height-applied   avia-slideshow-1' data-slideshow-options=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;loop_autoplay&quot;:&quot;once&quot;,&quot;interval&quot;:5,&quot;loop_manual&quot;:&quot;manual-endless&quot;,&quot;autoplay_stopper&quot;:false,&quot;noNavigation&quot;:false,&quot;bg_slider&quot;:false,&quot;keep_padding&quot;:false,&quot;hoverpause&quot;:false,&quot;show_slide_delay&quot;:0}\"  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><ul class='avia-slideshow-inner ' style='padding-bottom: 28.666666666667%;'><li  class='avia-slideshow-slide av-vcfri-f8b18761f5bc7126866d60a72f814c3a__0  av-single-slide slide-1 slide-odd'><div data-rel='slideshow-1' class='avia-slide-wrap '   ><div class='av-slideshow-caption av-vcfri-f8b18761f5bc7126866d60a72f814c3a__0 caption_fullwidth caption_bottom caption_bottom_framed caption_framed'><div class=\"container caption_container\"><div class=\"slideshow_caption\"><div class=\"slideshow_inner_caption\"><div class=\"slideshow_align_caption\"><div class='avia-caption-content '  itemprop=\"description\" ><p>I Vyborg Park samlas ekollonar som kaffers\u00e4ttning.<br \/>\n16.4.1942<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"wp-image-4492 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-4492\"  src=\"https:\/\/veteraanienperinto.fi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/kahvinkorvike-1500x430.png\" width=\"1500\" height=\"430\" title='kahvinkorvike' alt=''  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veteraanienperinto.fi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/kahvinkorvike.png 1500w, https:\/\/veteraanienperinto.fi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/kahvinkorvike-300x86.png 300w, https:\/\/veteraanienperinto.fi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/kahvinkorvike-1030x295.png 1030w, https:\/\/veteraanienperinto.fi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/kahvinkorvike-768x220.png 768w, https:\/\/veteraanienperinto.fi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/kahvinkorvike-705x202.png 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div id='after_full_slider_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-5853'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kk3v1m55-95ff5bec5c72bc03eb9606abe81f5f1b\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kk3v1m55-95ff5bec5c72bc03eb9606abe81f5f1b{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kk3v1m55-95ff5bec5c72bc03eb9606abe81f5f1b .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kk3v1m55-95ff5bec5c72bc03eb9606abe81f5f1b .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kk3v1m55-95ff5bec5c72bc03eb9606abe81f5f1b av-special-heading-h2  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_slideshow_full  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Surrogat<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-6vl46-6d3d2774a25dc6922a67b6ef9e296c59 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Varubristen medf\u00f6rde att finl\u00e4ndarna hittade p\u00e5 de mest olika surrogatprodukter. Det mest omtalade \u00e4r s\u00e4kert surrogatkaffet. Finl\u00e4ndarna var under \u00e5ren 1943-47 n\u00f6dgade att komma till r\u00e4tta n\u00e4stan helt och h\u00e5llet utan riktigt kaffe. I st\u00e4llet hittade man p\u00e5 surrogatkaffet, d\u00e4r en viktig ingrediens var maskrosen. Importtobaken f\u00f6rs\u00f6kte man ers\u00e4tta med tobak odlad i hemlandet, kessu, det vill s\u00e4ga knaster. M\u00e5nga odlade denna nya favoritv\u00e4xt ocks\u00e5 f\u00f6r f\u00f6rs\u00e4ljning.<\/p>\n<p>Skor tillverkades s\u00e5 att bottnen var av tr\u00e4 och skon i \u00f6vrigt tillverkad av pappersmassa. Ocks\u00e5 skyddskl\u00e4der gjordes av papper. Gamla kl\u00e4der v\u00e4ndes, lagades och syddes om m\u00e5nga g\u00e5nger. F\u00f6r tillverkningen av kl\u00e4der anv\u00e4nde man de mest olika textilier, oberoende av deras ursprungliga anv\u00e4ndnings\u00e4ndam\u00e5l. Trots h\u00e5rda anstr\u00e4ngningar hade inte alla barn skodon, utan de var tidvis tvungna att bli borta fr\u00e5n skolan, i synnerhet d\u00e4rf\u00f6r att den dagliga skolv\u00e4gen som kunde vara upp till 20 kilometer m\u00e5ste avverkas till fots eller med skidor.<\/p>\n<p>Bensin och dieselolja kunde man inte ers\u00e4tta. F\u00f6r bilarna hade man redan i slutet p\u00e5 1930-talet till all lycka utvecklat gengasaggregatet det vill s\u00e4ga &#8221;gengasbyttan&#8221;, i vilken man som br\u00e4nsle anv\u00e4nde vedklabbar eller tr\u00e4kol. Under krigen tillverkades \u00f6ver 43 000 stycken av dessa gengasaggregat. Effekten var endast ca 40% av en motors normala effekt och k\u00f6rningen avbr\u00f6ts ofta p\u00e5 grund av st\u00f6rningar. Bussresen\u00e4rerna var i uppf\u00f6rsbacke ofta tvungna att skjuta p\u00e5 bilen. Gengasaggregatet var likv\u00e4l en oundg\u00e4nglig n\u00f6dl\u00f6sning. Utan det skulle anv\u00e4ndningen av bilar ha upph\u00f6rt n\u00e4stan helt och h\u00e5llet. Tyskland kunde p\u00e5 grund av sin egen br\u00e4nslebrist leverera endast det mest oumb\u00e4rliga flytande br\u00e4nslet till Finland.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e5 anv\u00e4ndningen av bilar var mycket begr\u00e4nsad f\u00f6rs\u00f6kte man anv\u00e4nda cyklar s\u00e5 mycket som m\u00f6jligt. M\u00e5nga s\u00f6ndriga cyklar togs fram och reparerades i m\u00e5n av m\u00f6jlighet. Bristen p\u00e5 gummid\u00e4ck var likv\u00e4l ett problem. Tillst\u00e5nd f\u00f6r ink\u00f6p av d\u00e4ck m\u00e5ste s\u00f6kas hos polismyndigheterna. Tillst\u00e5nd beviljades enbart vid ofr\u00e5nkomliga behov. Vid krigsslutet var d\u00e4cken p\u00e5 m\u00e5nga cyklar lappade tiotals g\u00e5nger och med olika metoder.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":5829,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5853","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Surrogat - Veteraanien Perint\u00f6<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/veteraanienperinto.fi\/index.php\/sv\/fortsattningskriget\/hemmafronten-i-fortsattningkrigets\/surrogat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fi_FI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Surrogat - 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